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Linux×÷ΪһÖÖÆÕ±éʹÓõIJÙ×÷ϵͳ£¬¾ßÓÐÇ¿Ê¢µÄÈÕ־ϵͳÀ´¼Í¼ϵͳÔËÐÐÖеÄÖ÷ÒªÐÅÏ¢¡£ÈÕÖ¾Îļþͨ³£´æ´¢ÔÚ/var/logĿ¼Ï£¬ÆäÖаüÀ¨ÁËÖݪֲî±ðÀàÐ͵ÄÈÕÖ¾Îļþ£¬ÈçϵͳÈÕÖ¾¡¢Çå¾²ÈÕÖ¾µÈ¡£±¾ÎĽ«ÉîÈë̽ÌÖLinuxÈÕÖ¾ÎļþÖеĸ÷ÁÐÄÚÈÝ£¬²¢ÍŽáÏêϸµÄ´úÂëʾÀýÀ´Ú¹Ê͸÷ÁеļÄÒå¡£

1. syslogÈÕÖ¾Îļþ

syslogÊÇLinuxÖÐ×î³£¼ûµÄÈÕ־ϵͳ֮һ£¬¼Í¼ÁËϵͳµÄÖÖÖÖÔËÐÐÐÅÏ¢¡£syslogÈÕÖ¾Îļþͨ³£´æ´¢ÔÚ/var/logĿ¼Ï£¬ÆäÖÐ×î³£¼ûµÄÊÇsyslogÎļþ¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÒ»¸ösyslogÈÕÖ¾ÎļþµÄʾÀýÄÚÈÝ£º

Mar 10 08:30:45 localhost cron[1234]: (root) CMD (run-parts /etc/cron.daily)
Mar 10 10:15:20 localhost sshd[5678]: Failed password for user1 from 192.168.1.100 port 22
Mar 11 14:55:30 localhost kernel: Out of memory: Kill process 4321 (apache2) score 500 or sacrifice child

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ÈÕÆÚºÍʱ¼ä£º¼Í¼ÁËÈÕÖ¾ÊÂÎñ±¬·¢µÄÏêϸʱ¼ä£¬ÃûÌÃΪÔÂÈÕ Ê±:·Ö:Ãë¡£

Ö÷»úÃû£º±êʶÁËÈÕÖ¾ÊÂÎñËùÔÚµÄÖ÷»úÃû£¬Í¨³£Îªlocalhost¡£

Ó¦ÓóÌÐòÃû£ºÖ¸Ê¾ÁËÌìÉúÈÕÖ¾µÄÓ¦ÓóÌÐòÃû³Æ£¬Èçcron¡¢sshd¡¢kernelµÈ¡£

Àú³ÌID£º¼Í¼ÁËÌìÉúÈÕÖ¾µÄÓ¦ÓóÌÐò¶ÔÓ¦µÄÀú³ÌID¡£

ÈÕÖ¾ÄÚÈÝ£ºÏêϸµÄÈÕÖ¾ÐÅÏ¢£¬Èçʧ°ÜµÇ¼ʵÑé¡¢ÄÚ´æȱ·¦µÈ¡£

2. auth.logÈÕÖ¾Îļþ

auth.logÈÕÖ¾Îļþ¼Í¼ÁËϵͳµÄÉí·ÝÑéÖ¤ºÍÊÚȨÐÅÏ¢£¬¿ÉÓÃÓÚ×·×ÙÓû§µÇ¼ºÍȨÏÞ¸ü¸ÄµÈ²Ù×÷¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÒ»¸öauth.logÈÕÖ¾ÎļþµÄʾÀýÄÚÈÝ£º

Mar 10 08:30:45 localhost sshd[1234]: Accepted publickey for user2 from 192.168.1.101 port 22
Mar 10 10:15:20 localhost sudo: user1 : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/user1 ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/bash
Mar 11 14:55:30 localhost su: pam_unix(su:session): session opened for user2 by user1(uid=0)

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ÔÚauth.logÈÕÖ¾ÎļþÖУ¬Ã¿ÐÐÈÕÖ¾ÄÚÈÝͨ³£°üÀ¨ÁËÒÔϼ¸ÁУº

ÈÕÆÚºÍʱ¼ä£º¼Í¼ÁËÈÕÖ¾ÊÂÎñ±¬·¢µÄÏêϸʱ¼ä¡£

Ö÷»úÃû£º±êʶÁËÈÕÖ¾ÊÂÎñËùÔÚµÄÖ÷»úÃû¡£

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Àú³ÌID£º¼Í¼ÁËÌìÉúÈÕÖ¾µÄÓ¦ÓóÌÐò¶ÔÓ¦µÄÀú³ÌID¡£

ÈÕÖ¾ÄÚÈÝ£ºÏêϸµÄÉí·ÝÑéÖ¤ºÍÊÚȨÐÅÏ¢£¬È繫ԿµÇ¼¡¢Ê¹ÓÃsudoÇл»Óû§µÈ¡£

3. KernelÈÕÖ¾Îļþ

KernelÈÕÖ¾Îļþ¼Í¼ÁËLinuxÄں˵ÄÔËÐÐÐÅÏ¢£¬¿ÉÓÃÓÚÕï¶ÏϵͳµÄÓ²¼þºÍÈí¼þÎÊÌâ¡£Ò»Ñùƽ³£À´Ëµ£¬KernelÈÕÖ¾ÎļþµÄ·¾¶Îª/var/log/kern.log¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÒ»¸öKernelÈÕÖ¾ÎļþµÄʾÀýÄÚÈÝ£º

Mar 10 08:30:45 localhost kernel: [ 123.456789] eth0: link up (1000Mbps/Full duplex)
Mar 10 10:15:20 localhost kernel: [ 234.567890] CPU0: Core temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1)
Mar 11 14:55:30 localhost kernel: [ 345.678901] Out of memory: Kill process 4321 (apache2) score 500 or sacrifice child

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ÔÚKernelÈÕÖ¾ÎļþÖУ¬Ã¿ÐÐÈÕÖ¾ÄÚÈÝͨ³£°üÀ¨ÁËÒÔϼ¸ÁУº

ÈÕÆÚºÍʱ¼ä£º¼Í¼ÁËÈÕÖ¾ÊÂÎñ±¬·¢µÄÏêϸʱ¼ä¡£

Ö÷»úÃû£º±êʶÁËÈÕÖ¾ÊÂÎñËùÔÚµÄÖ÷»úÃû¡£

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4. ÏÖʵ²Ù×÷ʾÀý

ÏÂÃæ¸ø³öÒ»¸öͨ¹ýgrepÏÂÁîɸѡauth.logÖÐÌض¨ÈÕÖ¾µÄʾÀý´úÂ룺

grep "Accepted publickey" /var/log/auth.log

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