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LinuxЧÀÍÆ÷Çå¾²ÐÔµÄÇÏÃÅ£ºÐÑÄ¿ÕâЩ±Ø±¸ÏÂÁî

ÕªÒª£º±£»¤LinuxЧÀÍÆ÷µÄÇå¾²ÐèÒªÒ»¸ö×ۺϵÄÒªÁ죬ÆäÖÐÊìÁ·Ê¹ÓÃһЩ±Ø±¸ÏÂÁîÊǺÜÊÇÖ÷ÒªµÄ¡£±¾ÎĽ«ÏÈÈݼ¸¸ö³£ÓõÄLinuxÏÂÁ²¢Ìṩ´úÂëʾÀý£¬×ÊÖúÖÎÀíÔ±ÌáÉýЧÀÍÆ÷µÄÇå¾²ÐÔ¡£

·À»ðǽ (Firewall)

·À»ðǽÊDZ£»¤Ð§ÀÍÆ÷Çå¾²µÄµÚÒ»µÀ·ÀµØ¡£ÔÚLinuxÖУ¬Ê¹ÓÃiptablesÏÂÁîÀ´ÉèÖ÷À»ðǽ¹æÔò¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇһЩ³£ÓõÄiptablesÏÂÁîºÍÆäʾÀý£º

1.1 ÆôÓ÷À»ðǽ

sudo systemctl start iptables

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1.2 Ìí¼Ó¹æÔò

sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -j DROP

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1.3 Éó²é·À»ðǽ¹æÔò

sudo iptables -L -n

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SSHµÇ¼ÖÎÀí

SSHÊÇÖÎÀíÔ±ÓëЧÀÍÆ÷Ö®¼ä¾ÙÐÐÔ¶³ÌµÇ¼µÄ³£Óù¤¾ß£¬Í¬Ê±Ò²ÊÇЧÀÍÆ÷Çå¾²ÐÔµÄÒ»¸öÒªº¦µã¡£ÒÔÏÂÊǼ¸¸ö±£»¤SSHÇå¾²µÄÒªÁ죺

2.1 ½ûÓÃrootÓû§Ô¶³ÌµÇ¼

sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
PermitRootLogin no

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2.2 ʹÓÃÃÜÔ¿¶Ô¾ÙÐÐÉí·ÝÑéÖ¤

ssh-keygen -t rsa

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2.3 ¸ü¸ÄSSH¶Ë¿Ú

sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Port 2222

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ϸÁ£¶ÈµÄÎļþȨÏÞ¿ØÖÆ

׼ȷÉèÖÃÎļþȨÏÞ¿ÉÒÔ±ÜÃâδ¾­ÊÚȨµÄ»á¼ûºÍÐ޸ġ£ÒÔÏÂÊǼ¸¸ö³£ÓõÄÏÂÁ

3.1 ¸ü¸ÄÎļþȨÏÞ

chmod 600 file.txt  # Ö»ÓÐËùÓÐÕßÓµÓжÁдȨÏÞ
chmod 644 file.txt  # ËùÓÐÕßÓµÓжÁдȨÏÞ£¬ÆäËûÓû§Ö»¶ÁȨÏÞ
chmod +x script.sh  # Ìí¼Ó¿ÉÖ´ÐÐȨÏÞ

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3.2 ¸ü¸ÄÎļþËùÓÐÕß

sudo chown username:groupname file.txt

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Èí¼þ°ü¹ÜÀí

ʵʱ¸üÐÂÈí¼þ°üÊǼá³ÖЧÀÍÆ÷Çå¾²µÄÒªº¦¡£ÒÔÏÂÊÇʹÓÃaptÏÂÁîÀ´ÖÎÀíÈí¼þ°üµÄʾÀý£º

4.1 ¸üÐÂÈí¼þ°üÁбí

sudo apt update

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4.2 Éý¼¶ËùÓÐÒÑ×°ÖõÄÈí¼þ°ü

sudo apt upgrade

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4.3 ËÑË÷Ìض¨Èí¼þ°ü

apt search package_name

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ÈÕÖ¾ÖÎÀí

ÈÕÖ¾Îļþ¼Í¼ÁËϵͳµÄÖÖÖÖÔ˶¯£¬°üÀ¨Çå¾²Ïà¹ØµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£ÒÔÏÂÊÇһЩ³£ÓõÄÏÂÁ

5.1 Éó²éϵͳÈÕÖ¾

tail -f /var/log/syslog

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5.2 Éó²éµÇ¼ÈÕÖ¾

tail -f /var/log/auth.log

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5.3 Éó²é¹ýʧÈÕÖ¾

tail -f /var/log/nginx/error.log

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