Ìá¸ßLinuxЧÀÍÆ÷Çå¾²ÐÔµÄÏÂÁîÐÐÖ®ÂÃ
Ìá¸ßLinuxЧÀÍÆ÷Çå¾²ÐÔµÄÏÂÁîÐÐÖ®ÂÃ
ÔÚÄ¿½ñµÄÍøÂçÇéÐÎÖУ¬±£»¤Ð§ÀÍÆ÷µÄÇå¾²ÐÔÊÇÖÁ¹ØÖ÷ÒªµÄ¡£Linux²Ù×÷ϵͳÌṩÁËÐí¶àÇ¿Ê¢µÄ¹¤¾ßºÍÏÂÁ¿ÉÒÔ×ÊÖúÎÒÃÇÌá¸ßЧÀÍÆ÷µÄÇå¾²ÐÔ¡£±¾ÎĽ«´øÄúÕö¿ªÒ»³¡ÁîÈ˼¤¶¯µÄÏÂÁîÐÐÖ®Âã¬Ñ§Ï°ÔõÑùʹÓÃÕâЩÏÂÁîÀ´¼Ó¹ÌÄúµÄLinuxЧÀÍÆ÷¡£
¸üÐÂϵͳºÍÈí¼þ
Ê×ÏÈ£¬È·±£ÄúµÄLinuxϵͳºÍ×°ÖõÄÈí¼þ¶¼ÊÇ×îеİ汾¡£¸üÐÂϵͳºÍÈí¼þ¿ÉÒÔ×ÊÖúÐÞ¸´ÒÑÖªµÄÇå¾²Îó²î£¬²¢Ìṩ¸üºÃµÄÇå¾²ÐÔ¡£Ê¹ÓÃÒÔÏÂÏÂÁî¸üÐÂϵͳºÍÈí¼þ£º
sudo apt update sudo apt upgrade
µÇ¼ºó¸´ÖÆ
¼Ó¹ÌSSH »á¼û
SSHÊÇÔ¶³ÌÖÎÀíLinuxЧÀÍÆ÷µÄ³£Óù¤¾ß£¬µ«Í¬Ê±Ò²Êǹ¥»÷ÕßµÄÖ÷ÒªÈë¿ÚÖ®Ò»¡£ÎªÁ˼ӹÌSSH»á¼û£¬Äú¿ÉÒÔ½ÓÄÉÒÔϲ½·¥£º
2.1. ½ûÓÃrootÕË»§µÇ¼
rootÕË»§ÊÇ×î¸ßȨÏÞµÄÕË»§£¬¹¥»÷Õßͨ³£»áÊÔͼÍƲâÆäÃÜÂëÀ´¾ÙÐй¥»÷¡£½ûÓÃrootÕË»§µÇ¼¿ÉÒÔïÔ̹¥»÷Ãæ¡£ÔÚ/etc/ssh/sshd_configÎļþÖУ¬ÕÒµ½PermitRootLogin²ÎÊý£¬²¢½«ÆäÉèÖÃΪno£º
PermitRootLogin no
µÇ¼ºó¸´ÖÆ
ÉúÑIJ¢Í˳öÎļþ£¬È»ºóÖØÐÂÆô¶¯SSHЧÀÍ£º
sudo service ssh restart
µÇ¼ºó¸´ÖÆ
2.2. ʹÓÃSSHÃÜÔ¿µÇ¼
ʹÓÃSSHÃÜÔ¿¾ÙÐÐÉí·ÝÑéÖ¤¿ÉÒÔÔ½·¢Çå¾²£¬ÓÉÓÚËü±ÈÃÜÂë¸üÄÑÒÔ±»Æƽ⡣ÌìÉúSSHÃÜÔ¿¶ÔµÄÒªÁìÈçÏ£º
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096
µÇ¼ºó¸´ÖÆ
ƾ֤ÌáÐÑÌìÉúÃÜÔ¿¶Ô¡£È»ºó½«¹«Ô¿Ìí¼Óµ½Ð§ÀÍÆ÷ÉϵÄ~/.ssh/authorized_keysÎļþÖС£½«Ë½Ô¿ÉúÑÄÔÚÍâµØ£¬²¢È·±£È¨ÏÞÉèÖÃΪ600»ò¸ü¸ß¡£
½ÓÏÂÀ´£¬Äú¿ÉÒÔÐÞ¸Ä/etc/ssh/sshd_configÎļþÀ´Ç¿ÖÆʹÓÃSSHÃÜÔ¿¾ÙÐеǼ£º
PasswordAuthentication no
µÇ¼ºó¸´ÖÆ
ÉúÑIJ¢Í˳öÎļþ£¬È»ºóÖØÐÂÆô¶¯SSHЧÀÍ¡£
·À»ðǽÉèÖÃ
·À»ðǽÊDZ£»¤Ð§ÀÍÆ÷µÄÖ÷Òª¹¤¾ß¡£Ê¹ÓÃiptablesÏÂÁî¿ÉÒÔÉèÖ÷À»ðǽ¹æÔò¡£ÒÔÏÂÊÇһЩ³£ÓõÄÏÂÁîʾÀý£º
3.1. ÆÁÕÏÖ¸¶¨IPµØµã
ÈôÊÇÄúÏ£ÍûÆÁÕÏÌض¨µÄIPµØµã£¬¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÒÔÏÂÏÂÁ
iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.1.100 -j DROP
µÇ¼ºó¸´ÖÆ
3.2. ÔÊÐíÌض¨¶Ë¿Ú»á¼û
ÈôÊÇÖ»ÔÊÐíÌض¨µÄ¶Ë¿Ú»á¼ûЧÀÍÆ÷£¬¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÒÔÏÂÏÂÁ
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
µÇ¼ºó¸´ÖÆ
ÒÔÉÏÏÂÁÔÊÐíSSHºÍHTTPµÄ»á¼û¡£È·±£Äúƾ֤ÏÖʵÐèÇóÐ޸Ķ˿ںš£
3.3. ×èÖ¹ËùÓзÇÖ¸¶¨¶Ë¿Ú»á¼û
ÈôÊÇÄúÖ»ÔÊÐíÌض¨µÄ¶Ë¿Ú»á¼ûЧÀÍÆ÷£¬¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÒÔÏÂÏÂÁ
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -j DROP
µÇ¼ºó¸´ÖÆ
ÒÔÉÏÏÂÁÔÊÐíSSHµÄ»á¼û£¬²¢ÇÒ×èÖ¹ËùÓÐÆäËû¶Ë¿ÚµÄ»á¼û¡£
׼ʱ±¸·Ý
׼ʱ±¸·ÝЧÀÍÆ÷µÄÊý¾ÝºÍÉèÖÃÎļþÊÇÒ»ÏîÖ÷ÒªµÄÇå¾²²½·¥¡£Äú¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃcrontabÏÂÁîÀ´ÉèÖÃ׼ʱ±¸·ÝʹÃü¡£ÒÔÏÂÊÇÒ»¸öÀý×Ó£º
·¿ªÖն˲¢ÊäÈ룺
crontab -e
µÇ¼ºó¸´ÖÆ
ÔÚ·¿ªµÄÎļþÖÐÌí¼ÓÒÔÏÂÐÐÀ´ÉèÖÃÌìÌì׼ʱ±¸·Ý£º
0 2 * * * rsync -avz /var/www /path/to/backup
µÇ¼ºó¸´ÖÆ
ÒÔÉÏÏÂÁÔÚÌìÌìÆÆÏþ2µã±¸·Ý/var/wwwĿ¼µ½Ö¸¶¨µÄ·¾¶¡£
Çå¾²¼Ó¹ÌÆäËûЧÀÍ
³ýÁËSSHÍ⣬Äú»¹ÐèÈ·±£ÆäËûЧÀ͵ÄÇå¾²ÐÔ¡£ÀýÈ磬Äú¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÒÔÏÂÏÂÁîÀ´¼Ó¹ÌApache WebЧÀÍÆ÷£º
5.1. ½ûÓÃĿ¼ä¯ÀÀ
ÔÚ/etc/apache2/apache2.confÎļþÖÐÕÒµ½ÒÔÏÂÐУ¬²¢È·±£ÆäÇ°ÃæûÓÐ×¢ÊÍ·ûºÅ£¨#£©£º
Options -Indexes
µÇ¼ºó¸´ÖÆ
5.2. Òþ²ØЧÀÍÆ÷°æ±¾ÐÅÏ¢
ÔÚͳһ¸öÎļþÖУ¬ÕÒµ½ÒÔÏÂÐв¢½«ÆäÉèÖÃΪOff£º
ServerTokens Prod
µÇ¼ºó¸´ÖÆ
ÉúÑIJ¢Í˳öÎļþ£¬È»ºóÖØÐÂÆô¶¯ApacheЧÀÍ¡£
ÕâÖ»ÊÇÌá¸ßЧÀÍÆ÷Çå¾²ÐÔµÄһС²¿·ÖÒªÁ졣ͨ¹ýʹÓÃÕâЩÏÂÁîºÍ²½·¥£¬Äú¿ÉÒÔÔöÇ¿ÄúµÄLinuxЧÀÍÆ÷µÄÇå¾²ÐÔ£¬²¢½µµÍÔâÊܹ¥»÷µÄΣº¦¡£¼Ç×Å£¬¼á³ÖЧÀÍÆ÷µÄÇå¾²ÐÔÊÇÒ»ÏÆÚµÄʹÃü£¬ÐèÒª¾³£°´ÆÚÉó²éºÍ¸üв½·¥¡£
±¾ÎÄÖÐÌṩµÄÏÂÁîÐÐʾÀýÖ»ÊÇ»ù´¡ÖªÊ¶£¬ÈôÊÇÄúÏë½øÒ»²½ÔöǿЧÀÍÆ÷µÄÇå¾²ÐÔ£¬½¨ÒéÄúÉîÈëѧϰÏà¹ØÊÖÒպ͸ü¸ß¼¶µÄÇå¾²²½·¥¡£
×£ÄúµÄLinuxЧÀÍÆ÷Çå¾²ÎÞÓÇ£¡
ÒÔÉϾÍÊÇÌá¸ßLinuxЧÀÍÆ÷Çå¾²ÐÔµÄÏÂÁîÐÐÖ®ÂõÄÏêϸÄÚÈÝ£¬¸ü¶àÇë¹Ø×¢±¾ÍøÄÚÆäËüÏà¹ØÎÄÕ£¡