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ÏêϸÆÊÎöNginxµÄSSL/TLSЭÒéÖ§³ÖºÍÇå¾²¼ÓÃÜ·½·¨

nginxÊÇÒ»¿îÊ¢ÐеÄwebЧÀÍÆ÷ºÍ·´ÏòÊðÀíЧÀÍÆ÷ £¬Ëü²»µ«ÌṩÁ˸ßÐÔÄܵÄhttpЧÀÍ £¬»¹Ö§³Össl/tlsЭÒéÒÔʵÏÖÇå¾²µÄ¼ÓÃÜͨѶ¡£±¾ÎĽ«ÏêϸÆÊÎönginxµÄssl/tlsЭÒéÖ§³ÖºÍÇå¾²µÄ¼ÓÃÜ·½·¨ £¬²¢ÅäÒÔ´úÂëʾÀýÀ´ÑÝʾÆäʹÓ÷½·¨¡£

1. SSL/TLSЭÒé¼ò½é

SSL£¨Secure Sockets Layer£©ºÍTLS£¨Transport Layer Security£©ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¼ÓÃÜЭÒé £¬ÓÃÓÚÔÚÍøÂçÉϱ £»¤Êý¾ÝµÄÇå¾²ÐÔºÍÍêÕûÐÔ¡£SSL×î³õÓÉNetscape¿ª·¢ £¬ØʺóÓÉTLSÈ¡´ú²¢³ÉΪÆä±ê×¼¡£

SSL/TLSЭÒéÊÂÇéÔÚÍøÂç²ãºÍ´«Êä²ãÖ®¼ä £¬ÌṩÁËÒ»Öֶ˵½¶ËµÄÇ徲ͨѶ»úÖÆ¡£ËüʹÓù«Ô¿¼ÓÃܺͶԳÆÃÜÔ¿¼ÓÃÜÏàÍŽáµÄ·½·¨À´ÊµÏÖÊý¾ÝµÄ¼Ó½âÃÜ £¬Í¬Ê±»¹Ê¹ÓÃÊý×ÖÖ¤ÊéÀ´Ñé֤ͨѶ˫·½µÄÉí·Ý¡£

2. NginxµÄSSL/TLSÖ§³Ö

Nginxͨ¹ýOpenSSL¿âÀ´Ö§³ÖSSL/TLSЭÒé¡£ÔÚÉèÖÃÎļþÖÐ £¬Ö»Ðè¼òÆÓµØÖ¸¶¨SSLÖ¤ÊéºÍ˽ԿµÄ·¾¶ £¬Nginx¾ÍÄܹ»×Ô¶¯ÆôÓÃSSL/TLSЭÒé²¢¶Ô´«ÊäµÄÊý¾Ý¾ÙÐмÓÃÜ¡£

ÒÔÏÂÊÇÒ»¸ö¼òÆÓµÄNginxÉèÖÃÎļþʾÀý £¬Õ¹Ê¾ÁËÔõÑùÆôÓÃSSL/TLSЭÒ飺

server {
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name example.com;

    ssl_certificate /path/to/certificate.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /path/to/private.key;

    location / {
        # ÆäËûÉèÖÃÏî
    }
}

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ÔÚ¸ÃÉèÖÃÎļþʾÀýÖÐ £¬Í¨¹ýlistenÖ¸ÁЧÀÍÆ÷µÄ¼àÌý¶Ë¿ÚÉèΪ443 £¬²¢Í¨¹ýssl²ÎÊýÆôÓÃSSL/TLSЭÒé¡£ssl_certificateºÍssl_certificate_keyÖ¸Áî»®·ÖÖ¸¶¨ÁËSSLÖ¤ÊéºÍ˽ԿµÄ·¾¶¡£

3. SSL/TLS¼ÓÃÜ·½·¨

SSL/TLSЭÒéÖ§³Ö¶àÖÖ¼ÓÃÜ·½·¨ £¬³£ÓõİüÀ¨¶Ô³Æ¼ÓÃܺͷǶԳƼÓÃÜ¡£ÏÂÃ潫ÏÈÈÝÕâÁ½ÖÖ¼ÓÃÜ·½·¨µÄÌصãºÍʹÓ÷½·¨¡£

3.1 ¶Ô³Æ¼ÓÃÜ

¶Ô³Æ¼ÓÃÜÊÇÒ»ÖÖʹÓÃÏàͬÃÜÔ¿¾ÙÐмÓÃÜÏ¢ÕùÃܵļÓÃÜ·½·¨¡£Ëü¾ßÓмÓÃÜÏ¢ÕùÃÜËÙÂÊ¿ìµÄÓŵã £¬µ«ÃÜÔ¿µÄÇå¾²ÐÔÐèÒª»ñµÃ°ü¹Ü¡£

NginxÖ§³Ö¶àÖֶԳƼÓÃÜËã·¨ £¬ÈçAES£¨Advanced Encryption Standard£© £¬DES£¨Data Encryption Standard£©µÈ¡£¿ÉÒÔÔÚÉèÖÃÎļþÖÐʹÓÃssl_ciphersÖ¸ÁîÀ´É趨ËùʹÓõĶԳƼÓÃÜËã·¨ºÍÃÜÔ¿³¤¶È¡£

ÒÔÏÂÊÇÒ»¸öÉèÖÃÎļþʾÀý £¬ÉèÖöԳƼÓÃÜË㷨ΪAES £¬²¢Ö¸¶¨ÃÜÔ¿³¤¶ÈΪ128λ£º

server {
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name example.com;

    ssl_certificate /path/to/certificate.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /path/to/private.key;
    ssl_ciphers AES128-SHA;

    location / {
        # ÆäËûÉèÖÃÏî
    }
}

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3.2 ·Ç¶Ô³Æ¼ÓÃÜ

·Ç¶Ô³Æ¼ÓÃÜʹÓÃÒ»¶ÔÃÜÔ¿ £¬»®·ÖΪ¹«Ô¿ºÍ˽Կ¡£¹«Ô¿ÓÃÓÚ¼ÓÃÜÊý¾Ý £¬¶ø˽ԿÓÃÓÚ½âÃÜÊý¾Ý¡£Óë¶Ô³Æ¼ÓÃÜÏà±È £¬·Ç¶Ô³Æ¼ÓÃÜËã·¨Ô½·¢Çå¾² £¬µ«ËÙÂʽÏÂý¡£

³£¼ûµÄ·Ç¶Ô³Æ¼ÓÃÜËã·¨ÓÐRSAºÍECC£¨Elliptic Curve Cryptography£©¡£NginxÖ§³Öͨ¹ýssl_certificateºÍssl_certificate_keyÖ¸ÁîÀ´ÉèÖÃSSLÖ¤ÊéºÍ˽Կ £¬ÊµÏַǶԳƼÓÃÜ¡£

ÒÔÏÂÊÇÒ»¸öÉèÖÃÎļþʾÀý £¬ÉèÖ÷ǶԳƼÓÃÜË㷨ΪRSA£º

server {
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name example.com;

    ssl_certificate /path/to/certificate.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /path/to/private.key;
    ssl_ciphers RSA;

    location / {
        # ÆäËûÉèÖÃÏî
    }
}

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4. NginxµÄSSL/TLS»á»°»º´æ

ΪÁËÌá¸ßSSL/TLSЭÒéµÄÐÔÄÜ £¬NginxÒýÈëÁËSSL»á»°»º´æ»úÖÆ¡£SSL»á»°»º´æ¿ÉÒÔ´æ´¢SSL/TLSÎÕÊÖÀú³ÌÖеÄÔÝʱ»á»°ÐÅÏ¢ £¬ÒÔ±ã¼ÓËÙºóÐøµÄÅþÁ¬¡£

Nginxͨ¹ýssl_session_cacheÖ¸ÁîÀ´É趨SSL»á»°»º´æµÄ´æ´¢·½·¨ºÍ¾Þϸ¡£

ÒÔÏÂÊÇÒ»¸öÉèÖÃÎļþʾÀý £¬ÆôÓÃÄÚ´æ´æ´¢µÄSSL»á»°»º´æ £¬²¢ÉèÖûº´æ¾ÞϸΪ10M£º

server {
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name example.com;

    ssl_certificate /path/to/certificate.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /path/to/private.key;
    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;

    location / {
        # ÆäËûÉèÖÃÏî
    }
}

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5. ×ܽá

±¾ÎÄÏêϸÆÊÎöÁËNginxµÄSSL/TLSЭÒéÖ§³ÖºÍÇå¾²¼ÓÃÜ·½·¨¡£Í¨¹ýÉèÖÃÎļþʾÀýºÍ´úÂëʾÀý £¬Õ¹Ê¾ÁËNginxÔõÑùÆôÓÃSSL/TLSЭÒé £¬²¢ÅäÒԶԳƼÓÃܺͷǶԳƼÓÃܵÄʹÓ÷½·¨¡£±ðµÄ £¬»¹ÏÈÈÝÁËNginxµÄSSL»á»°»º´æ»úÖÆ £¬ÒÔÌá¸ßSSL/TLSЭÒéµÄÐÔÄÜ¡£

ͨ¹ý³ä·ÖʹÓÃNginxµÄSSL/TLSЭÒéÖ§³ÖºÍÇå¾²¼ÓÃÜ·½·¨ £¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔΪÓû§ÌṩԽ·¢Çå¾²¡¢¿É¿¿µÄÍøÂçЧÀÍ¡£

ÒÔÉϾÍÊÇÏêϸÆÊÎöNginxµÄSSL/TLSЭÒéÖ§³ÖºÍÇå¾²¼ÓÃÜ·½·¨µÄÏêϸÄÚÈÝ £¬¸ü¶àÇë¹Ø×¢±¾ÍøÄÚÆäËüÏà¹ØÎÄÕ£¡

ÃâÔð˵Ã÷£ºÒÔÉÏչʾÄÚÈÝȪԴÓÚÏàÖúýÌå¡¢ÆóÒµ»ú¹¹¡¢ÍøÓÑÌṩ»òÍøÂçÍøÂçÕûÀí £¬°æȨÕùÒéÓë±¾Õ¾ÎÞ¹Ø £¬ÎÄÕÂÉæ¼°¿´·¨Óë¿´·¨²»´ú±í×ðÁú¿­Ê±ÂËÓÍ»úÍø¹Ù·½Ì¬¶È £¬Çë¶ÁÕß½ö×ö²Î¿¼¡£±¾ÎĽӴýתÔØ £¬×ªÔØÇë˵Ã÷À´ÓÉ¡£ÈôÄúÒÔΪ±¾ÎÄÇÖÕ¼ÁËÄúµÄ°æȨÐÅÏ¢ £¬»òÄú·¢Ã÷¸ÃÄÚÈÝÓÐÈκÎÉæ¼°ÓÐÎ¥¹«µÂ¡¢Ã°·¸Ö´·¨µÈÎ¥·¨ÐÅÏ¢ £¬ÇëÄúÁ¬Ã¦ÁªÏµ×ðÁú¿­Ê±ÊµÊ±ÐÞÕý»òɾ³ý¡£

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